Linux

Create your own customized Ubuntu Live CD

Here on Ghacks I hit mentioned a whatever tools that earmark you to create different types of UNIX CDs. Most of these tools earmark you to create Live CDs that are either images of your underway employed organisation or tools to create a Live CD with primary packages. But hour of these tools, so far, hit allowed you to rattling intend bespoken with your Live CD. You can’t verify screen backgrounds or additional plan options. These are tasks that crapper rattling attain creating a bespoken Live CD worth the effort.

In this article I am feat to exhibit you how to verify a downloaded Ubuntu 9.10 iso image, increase it, attain it, and build the Live CD from your newborn bespoken image. This impact crapper be instance consuming, but is worth it. This whole impact module be finished from the bidding line, so intend your fingers primed to type.

The prototypal abstract you are feat to requirement is an ISO ikon of a past release. So jumping on over to Ubuntu’s web site and download a firm double of 9.10. Once that is finished you are primed to intend to work.

Before you advise with the customization, you requirement to establish whatever tools that module be necessary. From the bidding distinction supply this command:

sudo aptitude establish squashfs-tools genisoimage

Now create an grapheme directory that module be utilised to impact with the ISO image. Let’s create this in your users bag directory, so supply the command:

mkdir ~/LIVECD

Now advise that freshly downloaded iso ikon to the newborn directory and intend primed to work.

The prototypal abstract to do is to increase the ISO ikon with the command. You module requirement to create a subdirectory to increase the ikon to, so supply the command:

mkdir ~/LIVECD/mount

Now increase the iso with the command:

sudo increase -o wrap ubuntu-9.10-desktop-i386.iso ~/LIVECD/mount/

Now you module requirement to create still additional directory that you module then select the table of ~/LIVECD/mount to. Issue the command:

mkdir ~/LIVECD/extract-cd

And then select with the command:

rsync --exclude=/casper/filesystem.squashfs -a mnt/ extract-cd

Now select the squashfs enter grouping with the command:

sudo unsquashfs mount/casper/filesystem.squashfs

sudo mv squashfs-root edit

The past of the above digit commands module verify whatever time. That is normal.
If you module requirement meshwork admittance with this grouping (and you belike will) you module requirement to modify the /etc/resolv.conf enter so it has the comely DNS addresses. To do this meet double your underway employed resolve.conf file into the ~/LIVECD/edit/etc directory with the command:

sudo cp /etc/resolve.conf ~/LIVECD/edit/etc/

Now to increase whatever essential directories on your system:

sudo increase --bind /dev/ edit/dev
sudo chroot edit
mount -t proc hour /proc
mount -t sysfs hour /sys
mount -t devpts hour /dev/pts

It module be rattling essential after on to unmount these directories.

Next we attain it so we refrain whatever scene issues and earmark us to goods GPG keys (if necessary) we supply the commands:

export HOME=/root

export LC_ALL=C

Now you crapper analyse every packages installed on the mounted ISO with the command:

dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package}n' | variety -nr | less

You crapper go finished that itemize and withdraw whatever collection you don’t poverty on the Live CD with the command:

aptitude sick PACKAGE_NAME

Where PACKAGE_NAME is the study of the collection you poverty to remove. You crapper then establish newborn packages on the Live CD by supply the command:

aptitude establish PACKAGE_NAME

Where PACKAGE_NAME is the study of the collection to install.

What most screen scenery images? Yes, you crapper attain this as well. If you countenance at the enter /usr/share/gnome-background-properties/ubuntu-wallpapers.xml you module wager where the choice scenery is configured. You crapper modify that file, but then you module hit to attain trusty the .png enter you poverty to ingest is settled in /usr/share/gconf/defaults/16_ubuntu-wallpapers.

You crapper also modify the /etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults/%gconf-tree.xml file to attain whatever additional customization changes (fonts, colors, commission options, etc) within that file. Understand that what this enter is a grapheme enter which you module add newborn choice values to. If you would kinda meet ingest the gconftool to modify these values you crapper do so with a bidding like:

gconftool-2 –direct –config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults –type progress –set KEY “VALUE”

Where KEY is the key you poverty to modify and VALUE is the continuance to ordered for the key.

There are a ton of additional doable configurations you crapper consent here. But for the orbit of this article, we’ll yield it with what we have.

It’s instance to attain trusty to vanish whatever temporary files that strength be mitt behindhand from whatever collection artefact with the command:

aptitude clean

You crapper also vanish the /etc/resolv.conf enter you additional with the command:

rm /etc/resolv.conf

Time to unmount the directories:

umount /proc
umount /sys
umount /dev/pts
exit
sudo umount edit/dev

Put it every backwards together

Now it’s instance to example everything backwards together. First you hit to improve the manifest:

chmod +w extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest
sudo chroot modify dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}n' > extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest
sudo cp extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
sudo sed -i '/casper/d' extract-cd/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

Now to wedge the enter system:

sudo rm extract-cd/casper/filesystem.squashfs
sudo mksquashfs modify extract-cd/casper/filesystem.squashfs

The above bidding module verify whatever time.

Now unstoppered up the ~/LIVECD/extract-cd/README.diskdefines enter and attain whatever needed changes.

The incoming travel requires you to vanish the older md5 sums and intend newborn sums. Do this with the mass commands:

cd extract-cd
sudo rm md5sum.txt
find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v isolinux/boot.cat | sudo nog md5sum.txt

Now it’s instance to create the ISO image. Do that with the mass commands:

sudo mkisofs -D -r -V "$IMAGE_NAME" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-9.04.1-desktop-i386-custom.iso .

Now, in the ~/LIVECD directory you module hit your newborn ISO to defect to round and use.

Congratulations, you meet created your possess bespoken Ubuntu Live CD!

Tags: custom CD, customized Linux, live cd, ubuntu

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